The Narrative-Based Interview – Filtering Technique

It is no longer a secret that a narrative-based interview is one of the most productive and effective techniques available—especially when compared to restrictive, accusatory styles.

Research has shown that the narrative process not only generates more information, but also increases the likelihood of revealing deception cues when a victim, witness, or suspect attempts to mislead the interviewer.

An additional advantage is that the narrative process allows the interviewer to apply a progressive “filter”—helping isolate critical information and potential deception cues for further exploration during later phases of the interview.

The Narrative as an Information Recovery System

The narrative-based interview operates as a structured, multi-phase information recovery system.

After establishing a baseline through an initial orientation, the interviewer creates an environment that allows the subject to fully explain their observations and perspective regarding the incident under investigation.

This approach consistently produces a larger volume of raw information—not only from suspects, but also from victims and witnesses.

And with increased narrative comes increased opportunity—more detail, more context, and more avenues for follow-up questioning.

First Filter: Identifying Gaps and Inconsistencies

The initial narrative allows the interviewer to begin filtering the statement for gaps, contradictions, and inconsistencies.

These become the “nuggets” that guide the next phase of questioning.

At this stage, the interviewer works to clarify whether these issues are the result of normal memory limitations—or indicators of deception through omission or embellishment.

Second Filter: Focused Questioning

As the filtering process continues, the interviewer begins narrowing in on the most relevant and problematic areas of the statement.

This is where precision matters.

Questions are no longer broad—they are targeted, intentional, and driven by the information uncovered during the narrative.

Final Phase: Cross-Examination and Behavioral Response

In the final phase, the interviewer uses cross-examination to probe the most significant areas identified during the filtering process.

Attention is focused on key topics that produce the strongest responses from the subject—often reflected through reactions such as:

Anger, Depression, Denial, and Bargaining.

These reactions provide valuable insight into how the subject is processing the information—and where pressure, conflict, or deception may exist.

This phase may ultimately lead a deceptive subject toward compliance, admission, or confession.

Final Thought: The Objective Is the Truth

A key strength of the narrative-based interview is its ability to function as more than just a method for obtaining an initial statement.

When used as a multi-level filtering system, it enables the interviewer to identify the most critical issues—and direct their efforts with precision and purpose.

The goal is not simply to collect information…

It is to focus on what matters most and move deliberately toward a single objective:

“The Truth.”